Diseases of the cardiovascular System lecture for nurses

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Diseases of the cardiovascular system: A lecture for nursesIntroductionThe cardiovascular system plays a Central role in the maintenance of homeostasis in the human body, diseases of this system is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nurses are often the first point of contact:for the Patient:the inside with cardiovascular diseases and play a crucial role in the observation, care and support. This talk gives an Overview of the most important diseases, their symptoms, diagnosis and the role of the care.The most important diseases of the cardiovascular systemCoronary heart disease (CHD)CHD is caused by a narrowing of the coronary arteries, usually due to atherosclerosis. This leads to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle and can lead to Angina or a myocardial infarction.Symptoms: chest pain (often retrosterinal and oppressive), shortness of breath, Nausea, sweating.Diagnostics: electrocardiography, stress tests, coronary angiography.Nursing aspects: Monitoring of vital parameters, pain management, assistance with the change in life-style (Smoking, Diet).Heart failureIn heart failure, the heart loses its ability to pump enough blood to supply the body. It can be either a left‑ or right-ventricular insufficiency.Symptoms: shortness of breath (especially with exertion or in position), Edema of the legs, fatigue, weight gain due to fluid accumulation.Diagnosis: echocardiography, BNP Test (B‑typical Natriuretic peptide), x-Ray of the Thorax.Nursing aspects: Regular, weight control, Monitoring of Edema, medication compliance, instructions to reduce Salt in the diet.Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)Hypertension is when the blood pressure is consistently above 140/90 mmHg. It is disease a risk factor for many cardiovascular.Symptoms: Often asympomatisch; possible symptoms include headache, dizziness, vision problems.Diagnosis: Multiple Blood Pressure Measurements, 24‑Hour Blood Pressure Monitoring.Nursing aspects: a guide to regular measurement of blood pressure, support when taking antihypertensive therapy, counseling for lifestyle change.ArrhythmiasArrhythmias are disorders of the heart rhythm, which can range from too fast (tachycardia) to slow (bradycardia) rhythms.Symptoms: Heart Palpitations, Dizziness, Loss Of Consciousness, Shortness Of Breath.Diagnosis: ECG, Holter ECG, may electrophysiological study.Nursing aspects: Monitoring of the heart rhythm, support to interventions (for example, pacemaker implantation), patient education.AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis calcification and hardening of the arterial wall due to the Plaques. It can affect any artery, but it is especially dangerous in the heart and brain arteries.Symptoms: Depending on the affected artery — Klaudikation (leg pain when walking), stroke symptoms, Angina pectoris.Diagnosis: Ultrasound, Angiography, Blood Tests (Lipid Spectrum).Nursing aspects: support of risk factor reduction (Smoking, Diabetes, hyperlipidemia), guide to exercise programs.The role of nursesCarers make a vital contribution to the care of the Patient:the inside with cardiovascular disease:Observation and Monitoring: Regular monitoring of vital parameters (blood pressure, pulse, oxygen saturation), early detection of complications.Patient education: for information on use of medication, lifestyle changes, and emergency measures.Emotional support: help in the management of Anxiety and psychosocial stress.Coordination of care: cooperation with Physicians:internal, physical therapist, indoor, and other professionals.ConclusionThe diversity and complexity of cardiovascular diseases requires nurses to have a comprehensive Knowledge and a high sense of observation. Through high quality care, and patient care and the quality of life and prognosis of the Patient can be improved indoor significantly.Would you like me to make a certain section in greater detail or further information to a themed area to add?

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